US threatens Oman with sanctions — Here are six ways Muscat quietly protected American interests

For decades, Oman has operated in the Middle East as a quiet stabiliser — often working behind the scenes to safeguard US diplomatic, military and strategic interests in the region. That long record now stands in stark contrast to recent US rhetoric that has included threats to “blow up” a trusted partner and impose sanctions.

Recent US threats over Oman’s reported consultations with Iran on maritime arrangements have triggered sharp reactions across the region. But they also sit uneasily alongside decades of steady and quiet cooperation between Washington and Muscat.

Oman has consistently avoided confrontational politics, instead cultivating a reputation as one of the Middle East’s most trusted intermediaries — especially in moments when direct US engagement with adversaries was politically sensitive or diplomatically impossible. This role has, at critical junctures, included helping open and sustain communication channels between the United States and Iran.

Against this backdrop, Oman’s contributions to US interests in the region have been both consistent and consequential.

Here are six major ways Muscat has played a behind-the-scenes role in supporting American objectives over the past five decades:

1. Oman hosted the secret US-Iran talks that led to the 2011 nuclear deal

Perhaps Oman’s most consequential diplomatic contribution to US interests came during the Barack Obama administration.

Beginning around 2011, Muscat quietly facilitated secret backchannel talks between American and Iranian officials that eventually laid the groundwork for the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal.

At a time when direct diplomacy between Washington and Tehran was politically toxic, Oman became the one regional actor trusted by both sides.

Many diplomats later described Oman as the “unsung hero” behind the nuclear agreement.

Ironically, the same deal Oman helped broker was later abandoned by Trump during his first term.

2. Oman repeatedly helped secure the release of detained Americans

Muscat has long acted as a trusted intermediary in hostage and prisoner negotiations involving Iran and Yemen.  Over the years, Oman has helped secure the release or humanitarian evacuation of at least 14 living Americans, in addition to the return of one American’s remains.

One of the most well-known examples came in 2010–2011, when Oman played a central role in securing the release of three American hikers – Sarah Shourd, Shane Bauer and Joshua Fattal –detained in Iran after crossing the border from Iraq.

Sarah Shourd was freed in September 2010 for what the Iranians said were humanitarian reasons – and a half-million dollar bail reportedly paid by Oman’s then Sultan Qaboos bin Said.

Over the years, Oman also facilitated negotiations involving Western detainees, dual nationals, aid workers, and American citizens held in conflict zones where Washington lacked direct channels of communication.

In several cases, Oman succeeded precisely because it maintained working relations with actors the US itself could not openly engage.

3. Oman gave the US critical military and naval access in the Gulf

Since the 1980s, Oman has quietly provided the United States access to key ports, airfields, and logistical facilities that became strategically important during multiple conflicts.

These included the Iran-Iraq War, the 1991 Gulf War, the US-led invasion of Iraq and maritime security missions in and around the Gulf.